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Structural Health Monitoring via IoT and Artificial Intelligence

through wireless sensors employs time-series data to map the root cause of structural integrity loss and then predict the significance of problems in the context of structural rehabilitation in the future.

The identification of the distressed state of bridges will be done using Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) which will fulfil the following objectives:

  1. Perform an Incremental load test on the bridge and measure the real-time response of structural members to increasing loads.
  2. Identification of the root cause of the structural integrity loss (If any) through anomaly detection via machine learning algorithms in structural health data sent by sensors.
  3. Perform real-time predictive contextual analysis so that the future consequences of the problems are known.
  4. Send email alerts when the structural health parameter values exceed the threshold.
  5. To help identify whether the life of the existing bridge can be extended with appropriate rehabilitation.


The sensor will be installed on the critical spans of the bridge and at locations where maximum moment/shear force is expected.

The sensors communicate the data wirelessly to the cloud with the help of a gateway enabled by SIM-based (GPRS/2G/3G/4G) internet. The local communication between sensors and gateway happens locally (without the need for the internet) on a wireless encrypted network.

The gateway after aggregating data from the sensors sends it to the cloud via multifold authentication protocols. On the cloud, the data is collected, and the analysis (more than monitoring) is done in real-time with the help of machine learning algorithms (Sub-domain of artificial Intelligence).

All the parameters are correlated simultaneously against individual threshold values, and a simplified decision-making statement is displayed on a dashboard using Livehooah’s patented technology.

TYPES OF SENSORS TO BE INSTALLED :

  1. Strain Gauge: measurement of strain (Tension and Compression) in structural members will help in the identification of yielding phenomena under incremental loads and temperature.
  2. Tiltmeter: helps in identification of out of plane displacements on Pier/Abutment and
girder.
  1. Crackmeter: helps in identifying the growth rate of existing cracks in the structure
  2. Temperature meter: helps in measuring ambient temperature to aid in understanding thermal expansion and contraction of structural members.
  3. Accelerometer: helps in understanding the flexural natural frequency and damping of structural members.


STRUCTURAL MEMBER WISE SIGNIFICANCE OF SENSORS :

  1. Pier/Abutment :
  2. a) Strain Gauge: helps in the understanding of local buckling phenomena.
  3. b) Tiltmeter: helps in identifying tilt in the pier/abutment due to foundation settlement. The out-of-plumpness generates additional moments on the vertical structural members for which it is generally not designed.
  4. c) Crackmeter: To measure the growth rate of existing local crack.
 
  1. Girder/Deck :
  2. a) Strain Gauge: helps in understanding flexural yield under incremental loads. b) Crackmeter: aids in measurement of the growth rate of existing cracks.
  3. c) Temperature meter: provides a measurement of ambient temperature, which assists in analysing structural response due to thermal expansion and contraction.
  4. d) Accelerometer: Helps in understanding the flexural natural frequency and damping girders under flexural loads.


MINIMUM PERIOD OF MONITORING :


CONSTRUCTION STAGE  PERIOD OF MONITORING
DURING CONSTRUCTION 12 MONTHS
POST-CONSTRUCTION  60 MONTHS